Retirement Calculator

Current Portfolio Balances

IRA (Pre-tax)

401K / 403b

Roth IRA

HSA

Taxable / Brokerage

Total

Enter balances above, fill in your assumptions below, then click Calculate. Inputs are saved in your browser — nothing sent to any server.

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At Retirement Age

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projected balance

Years to Freedom # ?Freedom Number = 25x your annual expenses. At that portfolio size the 4% safe withdrawal rate covers costs indefinitely — you are financially independent.

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25× expenses (4% rule)

Monthly Income (4%)

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from retirement balance

Countdown

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days to retirement

Assumptions

Your birthday age —

Retirement date age —

Annual expenses

Monthly contribution ?Extra money added to your portfolio each month during accumulation, on top of any employer plan contributions.

Expected return % ?Average annual investment return. The S&P 500 has averaged ~10% historically; 6-7% is common after inflation. Higher = more optimistic projection.

Volatility % ?Standard deviation of annual returns — how bumpy the ride is. S&P 500 is ~15-18%. Higher volatility increases sequence-of-returns risk early in retirement.

Starting balance —

🏛️ Include Social Security

💰 Additional Annual Investments

Projected Growth

🎲 Monte Carlo Simulation

Success Rate

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% of runs that survive 30 yrs of retirement

Bad Case (10th %ile)

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balance at retirement, unlucky path

Good Case (90th %ile)

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balance at retirement, lucky path

📉 Drawdown Projection year-by-year from retirement · RMD at 75 · IRMAA estimate

Year	Age	START BALANCE				Gain	SS Inc	Net Need	Med Est (Medicare+gap)	RMD Req (pretax only)	DRAW SOURCE			MAGI	IRMAA (MFJ)	Tot End
Year	Age	IRA	401K	Roth	HSA	Gain	SS Inc	Net Need	Med Est (Medicare+gap)	RMD Req (pretax only)	Pretax	Roth	HSA (med)	MAGI	IRMAA (MFJ)	Tot End

RMD uses IRS Uniform Lifetime Table (SECURE 2.0: age 75 for born 1960+). RMD applies to IRA + 401K only — Roth and HSA are exempt. Draw order: IRA → 401K → Roth (Roth preserved longest). Medicare costs (~,500/yr in 2026, +5%/yr) drawn from HSA first (tax-free); uncovered medical falls into pretax draw. MAGI = pretax draws + 85% SS — Roth and HSA draws excluded. Orange rows = RMD years. ⚠ = RMD exceeds spending need.

💸 Roth Conversion Planner gap-year bracket filling · lower future RMDs · tax-free growth ?Roth conversions: move money from your pre-tax IRA/401k to a tax-free Roth during low-income years. You pay tax now at today's (lower) bracket instead of later when RMDs force draws at a potentially higher rate. ▼

Trad. IRA / 401k bal. —

Existing Roth bal. —

Conversion window ?The years between retirement and when RMDs begin (age 73 for those born 1960+). Extend this window to RMD start year to see the full Roth conversion opportunity — often the lowest-income years of your life and the ideal window for Roth conversions. to

Other income / yr

Target bracket

Market return % ?Reads from your Expected Return % assumption above. Used to project how your IRA/Roth balances grow during the conversion window. reads from — (Assumptions)

Expenses / yr reads from — (Assumptions)

Bracket inflation ?Tax brackets are adjusted for inflation each year by the IRS. At 3%/yr, the 12% bracket ceiling grows over time, giving you slightly more room to convert each year. 3% / yr (IRS historical avg)

Total Converted

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across all gap years

Total Tax Cost

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federal marginal only

Avg Effective Rate

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on converted amount

Roth at Age 75

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projected (no RMD)

Year	Age	Std Deduct ?Standard deduction for MFJ (Married Filing Jointly), inflated at 3%/yr from the 2025 base of $29,200. Reduces taxable income before bracket math.	Other Inc ?Other taxable income you entered (part-time work, dividends, pension, etc.). Added to the conversion when calculating bracket room.	Expense Draw ?Annual spending drawn from your portfolio each year during the conversion window — reduces the Roth balance available for conversions.	Bracket Room ?How much more income fits inside your target bracket after accounting for the standard deduction and other income. This is the maximum you can convert this year without crossing into a higher bracket.	Roth Conv. ?Amount actually converted from traditional IRA/401k to Roth this year — capped at available bracket room and limited to the remaining pre-tax balance.	Tax Cost ?Estimated federal income tax on the converted amount at your marginal rate. State taxes not included. Assumes taxes are paid from your expense budget, not from the IRA.	Eff Rate ?Effective (average) tax rate on the converted amount — total tax divided by conversion amount. Usually lower than your marginal bracket because lower income is taxed at lower rates first.	IRA Bal ?Traditional IRA balance at end of year after growth, conversions, and any expense draws. This is the account subject to future RMDs.	401K Bal ?401k/403b balance at end of year. Also pre-tax and subject to RMDs. Shown separately since you may have different control over conversion timing vs. an IRA.	HSA Bal ?Health Savings Account balance. Grows tax-free; used here to pay Medicare costs tax-free. Not subject to RMDs and never counted in MAGI.	Roth Bal ?Roth IRA balance — grows tax-free and has no RMDs. Includes new conversions plus market growth. This is your most flexible asset in retirement.	Excess ?Any income surplus above annual expenses (e.g. SS + draws exceed spending). Excess is invested in a taxable brokerage account rather than left as cash.	Taxable Bal ?Taxable brokerage account balance — funded by any annual surplus. Gains are taxable but there are no contribution limits or RMDs.

Brackets are 2025 MFJ inflated 3%/yr · Std deduction $29,200 (2025) inflated · Tax cost = marginal federal tax on conversion only — state taxes not included · Roth balance grows at assumed market return; taxes paid from expense budget · Excess = other income surplus above expenses, invested in taxable account · All figures nominal dollars.